Douglas Flamming - Bound for Freedom, Książki USA
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FREEDOM
BOUND FOR
The George Gund Foundation has endowed
this imprint to advance understanding of
the history, culture, and current issues
of African Americans.
Douglas Flamming
FREEDOM
Black Los Angeles in
Jim Crow America
University of California Press
BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON
BOUND FOR
Portions of this book draw upon ideas and prose previously published in William Deverell
and Douglas Flamming, “Race, Rhetoric, and Regional Identity:Boosting Los Angeles, 1880–
1930,” in
Power and Place in the North American West,
edited by Richard White and John
Findlay (Seattle:University of Washington Press, 1999); and Douglas Flamming, “Becoming
Democrats:African American Politics in Los Angeles, 1920–1965,” in
Seeking El Dorado:
African Americans in California,
edited by Lawrence B. de Graaf, Kevin Mulroy, and Quin-
tard Taylor (Seattle:University of Washington Press, 2001).
Arna Bontemps’ poem “The Day-Breakers” reprinted by permission of Harold Ober Asso-
ciates Incorporated. From
Personals,
© 1963 by Arna Bontemps. Langston Hughes’ poem
“History” from
The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes,
© 1994 by the estate of Langston
Hughes, used by permission of Alfred A. Knopf.
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
© 2005 by the Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Flamming, Douglas.
Bound for freedom :Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America /
Douglas Flamming.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 0-520-23919-9 (cloth :alk. paper)
1. African Americans—California—Los Angeles—History—
19th century. 2. African Americans—California—Los Angeles—
History—20th century. 3. African Americans—Civil rights—
California—Los Angeles—History. 4. Community life—
California—Los Angeles—History—19th century. 5. Community
life—California—Los Angeles—History—20th century. 6. Civil
rights movements—California—Los Angeles—History—19th
century. 7. Civil rights movements—California—Los Angeles—
History—20th century. 8. Los Angeles (Calif.)—Race relations.
I. Title.
f869.l89n4 2005
979.4'9400496073—dc22
2004018017
Manufactured in the United States of America
14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
10987654 321
Printed on Ecobook 50 containing a minimum 50% post-consumer
waste, processed chlorine free. The balance contains virgin pulp, in-
cluding 25% Forest Stewardship Council Certified for no old growth
tree cutting, processed either TCF or ECF. The sheet is acid-free and
meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48–1992 (r 1997)
(Permanence of Paper).
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